to begin life anew

* * *

carcer, ĕris, m. [Sicilian karkaron; cf. O. Müll. Etrusk. 1, p. 13; etym. dub.; cf. scrinium], an enclosed place; hence,

A prison, jail (syn.:

custodia, vincula): si tresviri me in carcerem conpegerint,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 3; id. Poen. 3, 3, 79; Lucr. 3, 1016; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 9, § 22 sq.; Liv. 6, 36, 112 al.:

carcer, quem vindicem scelerum majores nostri esse voluerunt,

Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27.

Poet., of the custody of the winds, Verg. A. 1, 54; Ov. M. 4, 663; 14, 224; id. F. 2, 456;

and of the lower world: carcer inferorum,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 1222:

Ditis,

Luc. 6, 797.— Trop., of the chains of the body:

qui ex corporum vinculis tamquam e carcere evolaverunt,

Cic. Rep. 6, 14, 14; so id. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; Luc. 6, 721.—

Esp., the Roman State-prison, close to the Forum, at the foot of the Capitoline Hill, on the right of the Sacra Via, built by Ancus Marcius, Liv. 1, 33, 8; extended under ground by Servius Tullius; hence this part of the prison is called Tullianum. Varr. L. L. 5, § 151, p. 42 Bip.; Cic. Sull. 25, 70; Sall. C. 55, 3; Liv. 1, 33, 8; Tac. A. 3, 51 al.; cf.:

in inferiorem demissus carcerem,

Liv. 34, 44, 8:

in carcerem conditi,

id. 29, 22, 7; cf. also Fest. p. 356 Müll., and Becker. Antiq. 1, 262 sq.; v. also Tullianum and robur, II. A.—

Meton.

The imprisoned criminals: in me carcerem effudistis, [p. 291] Cic. Pis. 7, 16.—

As a term of reproach ( = carcerarius), jail-bird, scapegallows: carcer vix carcere dignus, Lucil. ap. Don. Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 26; Ter. Phorm. l. l.—

The barrier or starting-place in the race-course (opp. meta or calx; v. h. vv.); usu. in plur., carceres, Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Müll.; Lucr. 2, 264; 4, 990; Cic. Brut. 47, 173; Verg. G. 1, 512; * Hor. S. 1, 1, 114 al. —In sing. (mostly poet.), Enn. Ann. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (v. 88 Vahl.); Tib. 1, 4, 32 (imitated by Ov. H. 18, 166); Auct. Her. 4, 3, 4; Verg. G. 3, 104; id. A. 5, 145 Serv.; Ov. M. 10, 652; id. Tr. 5, 9, 29; 5, 12, 26; Suet. Caes. 21; Stat. Th. 6, 522.—

Trop., the commencement, beginning, of a course of action or of a condition:

a quibus carceribus decurrat ad metas,

Varr. R. R. 1, 3; so id. ib. 2, 7, 1:

ad carceres a calce revocari,

i.e. to begin life anew, Cic. Sen. 23, 83; cf.:

cum aequalibus, quibus cum tamquam e carceribus emissus sis,

id. Lael. 27, 101.

- nowo wybrany prezydent a newly elected president

- nowo zbudowany most a newly-constructed bridge

- nowo przybyli the newcomers

- drzewa na nowo pozieleniały the trees are in bud again

- zaczynać coś na nowo to begin sth anew

- wszystko zapomniał i musiał się uczyć na nowo he forgot everything and had to learn it anew

- przepisać coś na nowo to rewrite sth

- rozpocząć a. zacząć życie od nowa to start life anew

- nowonarodzony newborn

- język nowogrecki modern Greek

* * *

* * *

newly; nowo mianowany newly appointed; na nowo (= od początku) anew, from the beginning; czuć się jak nowo narodzony feel like a newborn; być jak nowo narodzone dziecko be like a newborn.

1. to destroy; 2. to demolish; 3. to knock/to pull down; 4. to wreck; 5. to ruin

Русское разрушать называет сам процесс, не указывая ни на тип действия, ни на объект действия, ни на его результат. Английские же эквиваленты этого глагола различаются именно спецификой как объекта ( что разрушается), так и действия (как/чем действует) и результата/цели действия ( для чего разрушается)

1. to destroy — разрушать, сносить, уничтожать (разрушать до такой степени, что объект не подлежит восстановлению или использованию): The earthquake destroyed much of the city. — Большая часть города была разрушена землетрясением. Two houses have been destroyed by last night's fire. — Вчерашний пожар ночью уничтожил два дома. His arrival destroyed all remaining hope to begin my life anew. — Он приехал и разбил все мои надежды на то, чтобы начать жизнь заново./Его приезд положил конец моим надеждам начать жизнь заново. Here is your replacement credit card. Please destroy the old one. — Вот ваша новая кредитная карточка. Пожалуйста, уничтожьте старую./Пожалуйста, разорвите старую. Some people think that TV has destroyed the art of conversation. — Некоторые считают, что телевидение уничтожило искусство беседы. A sudden noise outside startled me and destroyed my concentration. — Я вздрогнул от внезапного шума на улице и потерял нить мысли./Вне запный шум с улицы сбил меня с мысли./Внезапный шум с улицы нарушил ход моих размышлений.

2. to demolish — разрушать, сносить ( здание тяжелой техтехникой): Some of the apartment buildings had been so badly designed that they had to be demolished a few years within. — Некоторые жилые дома были так лохо спроектированы, что их пришлось снести через несколько лет после постройки. When the church was demolished a cave was found beneath it. — Когда церковь снесли, под ней была обнаружена пещера.

3. to knock/to pull down — разрушать, сносить (noстройки и части построек с тем, чтобы на их месте построить новые): She was brought up in a petty little house that has been pulled down since. — Она выросла в неказистом домишке, который теперь снесен. We made our living room bigger by knocking down two inner walls. — Мы увеличили гостиную, снеся две внутренние стены. We will have to knock a few houses down in order to build an access road. — Придется снести несколько домов, чтобы построить подъездные пути.

4. to wreck — разрушать, разрушать полностью, разбивать, портить ( умышленно), выводить из строя, испортить (как материальные, так и нематериальные объекты; обозначает умышленное действие, после которого ничего нельзя исправить или восстановить): to wreck smb's life — испортить кому-либо жизнь; to wreck smb's hopes — разбить чьи-либо надежды; to wreck smb's career — испортить чью-либо карьеру/разрушить чью-либо карьеру; to wreck smb's marriage — разбить чью- либо семейную жизнь Most of the public phones around here have been wrecked by vandals. — Большая часть телефонов-автоматов в округе были выведены из строя хулиганами. As he had been warned, the affair wrecked his marriage. — Как его и предупреждали, этот роман разбил его семейную жизнь/разрушил его брак. The power station was wrecked by a huge gas explosion. — Электростанция была разрушена мощным взрывом газа.

5. to ruin — разрушить полностью, превратить в руины, превратить в развалины, разрушитьдооспования, испортить (как и to wreck может относиться как к материальным, так и нематериальным объектам): to ruin one's dress — испортить платье; to ruin one's eyes — испортить зрение/испортить глаза; to ruin one's health — подорвать свое здоровье The rain absolutely ruined our picnic. — Дождь совершенно испортил наш пикник. If you open the camera, you'll ruin the film. — Если вы откроете фотоаппарат, вы испортите пленку./Если вы откроете фотоаппарат, вы засветите пленку. If the newspapers find out about this, it could ruin his marriage, his reputation and his career. — Если бы это стало известно прессе, его семейная жизнь была бы разрушена, его репутации был бы нанесен урон, его карьера испорчена. The castle has been ruined by time. — Co временем от замка остались одни руины./Замок разрушился от времени./Время нанесло непоправимый урон замку.

recommencer [ʀ(ə)kɔmɑ̃se]

➭ TABLE 3

1. transitive verb

• recommencer à faire qch to start to do sth again

• il recommence à neiger it's starting to snow again

• tout est à recommencer we (or I etc) will have to start all over again

2. intransitive verb

[combat] to start up again

• la pluie recommence it's starting to rain again

• l'école recommence en septembre school starts again in September

• ça y est, ça recommence ! (inf) here we go again!

• il m'a promis qu'il ne recommencerait plus he promised he wouldn't do it again

• on efface or on oublie tout et on recommence let's start all over again from scratch

* * *

1) ( complètement) to start [something] again [rapport, tâche]

2) ( après une pause) to start [something] again

3) ( faire à nouveau) to do [something] again [rapport, action]; to rewrite [letter]

verbe intransitif to start again, to begin again

* * *

1. vt

1) (= refaire) [travail, explications] to start again, to start afresh

2) (= reprendre) [lutte, séance] to start again, to resume

2. vi

1) (sujet chose) to start again

2) [personne]

3) (= récidiver) to do it again

* * *

recommencer verb table: placer

A vtr

1 ( complètement) to start [sth] again [rapport, tâche]; il faut tout recommencer, tout est à recommencer the whole thing will have to be done again; recommencer qch à zéro to start sth again from scratch; recommencer depuis le début to start [sth] again from the beginning;

2 ( après une pause) to start [sth] again [traitement, travail]; recommencer à travailler/à vivre to start working/living again; on recommence les cours en octobre classes start again ou resume in October;

3 ( faire à nouveau) to do [sth] again [rapport, action]; to rewrite [letter]; recommence! do it again!; promettre de ne jamais recommencer to promise never to do it again; je ne recommencerai plus I'll never do it again; et ne recommence plus! don't you ever do that again!

B vi to start again, to begin again; le bruit recommence the noise is starting again; mon mal de tête recommence my headache's coming back; il recommence à neiger it is starting to snow again; l'année universitaire recommence en octobre the academic year starts again in October.

[rəkɔmɑ̃se] verbe transitif

1. [refaire - dessin, lettre, travail etc.] to start ou to begin again ; [ - attaque] to renew, to start again ; [ - expérience] to repeat ; [ - erreur] to repeat, to make again

2. [reprendre - histoire, conversation] to resume, to carry on (inseparable) with ; [ - lecture, travail] to resume, to go back (inseparable) to ; [ - campagne, lutte] to resume, to take up (separable) again

————————

[rəkɔmɑ̃se] verbe intransitif

1. [depuis le début] to start ou to begin again

[après interruption] to resume

2. [se remettre]

* * *

* * *

1. (= rozpoczynać) begin, start; zaczynać od nowa make a new start, start over; lit. start from anew; zaczynać życie od nowa make a new start in one's life; zaczynać od zera start from scratch; zacząć od powiedzenia... start by saying...; wcześnie zaczynać (karierę, działalność) start young, make an early start; zaczynać dzień od filiżanki herbaty start (off) the day with a cup of tea; zaczynać od końca (= robić coś niewłaściwie) put the cart before the horse.

2. (= wchodzić w początkowy etap czegoś) begin, start; zacząć coś robić begin l. start doing sth; zacząć od samego początku start at the very beginning; dobrze/źle zacząć make a good/bad start; zacząć tracić cierpliwość start getting l. be growing short of patience; zaczyna nam brakować pieniędzy we're running out of money; zaczyna wyglądać na to, że... it's beginning to look as if...

3. (= napoczynać) open; zaczynać butelkę/paczkę papierosów open a new bottle/packet of cigarettes.

4. (= zaczynać mówić, pisać) start, begin; Szanowni Państwo! – zaczął. “Ladies and Gentlemen!” – he started l. began; zacząć z innej beczki change the topic; zacznijmy z innej beczki let's change the topic; nie wiem od czego zacząć I don't know where l. how to start.

5. pot. (= zaczepiać) provoke; lepiej z nim nie zaczynaj! you'd better not provoke him!; znowu zaczynasz! there you go again!

start, begin; zaczyna się! ( pretensja do kogoś) there you go again!; wyraz zaczyna się na literę S the word starts with an S; zaczęły się schody pot. that's where the trouble starts.

1) General subject: begin the world, begin the world anew, turn over a new leaf, start off with a clean slate, turn over a new, the first day of the rest of your life (\начать новую жизнь узнав, что жить осталось совсем немного), slip into a new way of life

2) American: start a new life

3) Makarov: lead a new life

несовер. - начинать; совер. - начать

(что-л.; делать что-л.)

••

ἀρχή, ῆς, ἡ (Hom.+)

① the commencement of someth. as an action, process, or state of being, beginning, i.e. a point of time at the beginning of a duration.

ⓐ gener. (opp. τέλος; cp. Diod S 16, 1, 1 ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς μέχρι τοῦ τέλους; Ael. Aristid. 30, 24 K.=10 p. 123 D.: ἐξ ἀ. εἰς τέλος; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 9, §36; Wsd 7:18) B 1:6; IEph 14:1; IMg 13:1; IRo 1:2, cp. vs. 1. W. gen. foll. (OGI 458, 10 life) ἡμέρας ὀγδόης B 15:8; ἡμερῶν (2 Km 14:26) Hb 7:3; τῶν σημείων first of the signs J 2:11 (ἀ. τοῦ ἡμετέρου δόγματος Orig., C. Cels. 2, 4, 20; cp. Isocr., Paneg. 10:38 Blass ἀλλʼ ἀρχὴν μὲν ταύτην ἐποιήσατο τ. εὐεργεσιῶν, τροφὴν τοῖς δεομένοις εὑρεῖν=but [Athens] made this the starting point of her benefactions: to provide basic needs for livelihood; Pr 8:22; Jos., Ant. 8, 229 ἀ. κακῶν); ὠδίνων Mt 24:8; Mk 13:8; κακῶν ISm 7:2. As the beginning, i.e. initial account, in a book (Ion of Chios [V B.C.] 392 Fgm. 24 Jac. [=Leurini no. 114] ἀρχὴ τοῦ λόγου; Polystrat. p. 28; Diod S 17, 1, 1 ἡ βύβλος τὴν ἀ. ἔσχε ἀπὸ …; Ael. Aristid. 23, 2 K.=42 p. 768 D.: ἐπʼ ἀρχῇ τοῦ συγγράμματος; Diog. L. 3, 37 ἡ ἀρχὴ τῆς Πολιτείας; cp. Sb 7696, 53; 58 [250 A.D.]) ἀ. τοῦ εὐαγγελίου Ἰ. Χ. Beginning of the gospel of J. C. Mk 1:1 (cp. Hos 1:2 ἀ. λόγου κυρίου πρὸς Ὡσηέ; s. RHarris, Exp. 8th ser., 1919, 113–19; 1920, 142–50; 334–50; FDaubanton, NThSt 2, 1919, 168–70; AvanVeldhuizen, ibid., 171–75; EEidem, Ingressen til Mkevangeliet: FBuhl Festschr. 1925, 35–49; NFreese, StKr 104, ’32, 429–38; AWikgren, JBL 61, ’42, 11–20 [ἀρχή=summary]; LKeck, NTS 12, ’65/66, 352–70). ἀ. τῆς ὑποστάσεως original commitment Hb 3:14. ἀρχὴν ἔχειν w. gen. of the inf. begin to be someth. IEph 3:1. ἀρχὴν λαμβάνειν begin (Polyb.; Aelian, VH 2, 28; 12, 53; Diog. L., Prooem. 3, 4; Sext. Emp., Phys. 1, 366; Philo, Mos. 1, 81) λαλεῖσθαι to be proclaimed at first Hb 2:3; cp. IEph 19:3.—W. prep. ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς from the beginning (Paus. 3, 18, 2; SIG 741, 20; UPZ 160, 15 [119 B.C.]; BGU 1141, 44; JosAs 23:4; Jos., Ant. 8, 350; 9, 30) J 6:64 v.l.; 15:27; 1J 2:7, 24; 3:11; 2J 5f; Ac 26:4; MPol 17:1; Hs 9, 11, 9; Dg 12:3. οἱ ἀπʼ ἀ. αὐτόπται those who fr. the beginning were eyewitnesses Lk 1:2. Also ἐξ ἀρχῆς (Diod. Sic. 18, 41, 7; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 45 [189]; SIG 547, 9; 634, 4; UPZ 185 II 5; PGen 7, 8; BGU 1118, 21; Jos., Bell. 7, 358) J 6:64; 16:4; 1 Cl 19:2; Pol 7:2; Dg 2:1. πάλιν ἐξ ἀ. (Ael. Aristid. 21, 10 K.=22 p. 443 D.; SIG 972, 174) again fr. the beginning (=afresh, anew; a common expr., Renehan ’75, 42) B 16:8. ἐν ἀρχῇ (Diod S 19, 110, 5; Palaeph. p. 2, 3; OGI 56, 57; PPetr II, 37, 2b verso, 4; PTebt 762, 9; POxy 1151, 15; BGU 954, 26; ViHab 14 [p. 87, 4 Sch.]) at the beginning, at first Ac 11:15; AcPlCor 2:4. ἐν ἀ. τοῦ εὐαγγελίου when the gospel was first preached Phil 4:15; sim., word for word, w. ref. to beg. of 1 Cor: 1 Cl 47:2.—τὴν ἀ. J 8:25, as nearly all the Gk. fathers understood it, is emphatically used adverbially=ὅλως at all (Plut., Mor. 115b; Dio Chrys. 10 [11], 12; 14 [31], 5; 133; Lucian, Eunuch. 6 al.; Ps.-Lucian, Salt. 3; POxy 472, 17 [c. 130 A.D.]; Philo, Spec. Leg. 3, 121; Jos., Ant. 1, 100; 15, 235 al.; as a rule in neg. clauses, but the negation can inhere in the sense: 48th letter of Apollonius of Tyana [Philostrat. I 356, 17]; Philo, Abrah. 116, Decal. 89; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 6, 11; without art. ApcSed 10:3; cp. Hs 2:5 cj. by W., endorsed by Joly; s. Field, Notes, 93f) τὴν ἀ. ὅτι καὶ λαλῶ ὑμῖν (how is it) that I even speak to you at all? But s. B-D-F §300, 2. More prob. the mng. is somewhat as follows: What I said to you from the first (so NT in Basic English; sim. REB et al.; cp. τὴν ἀρχήν ‘at the beginning’ Thu 2, 74, 2; s. also RFunk, HTR 51, ’58, 95–100; B-D-F §300, 2, but appeal to P⁶⁶ is specious, s. EMiller, TZ 36, ’80, 261).

ⓑ beginning, origin in the abs. sense (ἀ. τῆς τῶν πάντων ὑποστάσεως Orig. C. Cels. 6, 65, 4) ἀ. πάντων χαλεπῶν Pol 4:1; ἀ. κακῶν ISm 7:2 (cp. 1 Ti 6:10, which has ῥίζα for ἀ., and s. e.g. Ps 110:10; Sir 10:13); ἀ. κόσμου B 15:8; ἀ. πάντων PtK 2, p. 13, 21. ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς fr. the very beginning (Is 43:13; Wsd 9:8; 12:11; Sir 24:9 al.; PsSol 8:31; GrBar 17:2) Mt 19:4, 8; J 8:44; 1J 1:1 (of the Hist. beg. of Christianity: HWendt, D. Johannesbriefe u. d. joh. Christent. 1925, 31f; HWindisch, Hdb. ad loc.; difft. HConzelmann, RBultmann Festschr., ’54, 194–201); 3:8; 2 Th 2:13; ὁ ἀπʼ ἀ. 1J 2:13f; Dg 11:4; οἱ ἀπʼ ἀ. those at the very beginning, the first people 12:3; τὰ ἀπʼ ἀ. γενόμενα 1 Cl 31:1; ἀπʼ ἀ. κτίσεως Mk 10:6; 13:19; 2 Pt 3:4 (on ἀ. κτίσεως cp. En 15:9); ἀπʼ ἀ. κόσμου Mt 24:21. Also ἐξ ἀ. (X., Mem. 1, 4, 5; Ael. Aristid. 43, 9 K.=1 p. 3 D. [of the existence of Zeus]; TestAbr A 15 p. 96, 11 [Stone p. 40]; B 4 p. 109, 7 [St. p. 66]; Ath., R. 16, p. 67, 18; Philo, Aet. M. 42, Spec. Leg. 1, 300; Did., Gen. 50, 1) Dg 8:11; ἐν ἀ. in the beginning (Simplicius in Epict. p. 104, 2; Did., Gen. 29, 25 al.) J 1:1f; ἐν ἀ. τῆς κτίσεως B 15:3. κατʼ ἀρχάς in the beg. Hb 1:10 (Ps 101:26; cp. Hdt. 3, 153 et al.; Diod S; Plut.; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 92, Det. Pot. Insid. 118; Ps 118:152; Just., D. 2, 3).

② one with whom a process begins, beginning fig., of pers. (Gen 49:3 Ῥουβὴν σὺ ἀρχὴ τέκνων μου; Dt 21:17): of Christ Col 1:18. W. τέλος of God or Christ Rv 1:8 v.l.; 21:6; 22:13 (Hymn to Selene 35 ἀ. καὶ τέλος εἶ: Orphica p. 294, likew. PGM 4, 2836; 13, 362; 687; Philo, Plant. 93; Jos., Ant. 8, 280; others in Rtzst., Poim. 270ff and cp. SIG 1125, 7–11 Αἰών, … ἀρχὴν μεσότητα τέλος οὐκ ἔχων, expressed from the perspective of historical beginning).

③ the first cause, the beginning (philos. t.t. ODittrich, D. Systeme d. Moral I 1923, 360a, 369a;—Ael. Aristid. 43, 9 K.=1 p. 3 D.: ἀρχὴ ἁπάντων Ζεύς τε καὶ ἐκ Διὸς πάντα; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 190 God as ἀρχὴ κ. μέσα κ. τέλος τῶν πάντων [contrast SIG 1125, 10f]) of Christ ἡ ἀ. τῆς κτίσεως Rv 3:14; but the mng. beginning=‘first created’ is linguistically probable (s. above 1b and Job 40:19; also CBurney, Christ as the Ἀρχή of Creation: JTS 27, 1926, 160–77). [ὁ γὰ]ρ π̣̄ρ̣̄ (=πατὴρ) [ἀρ]|χή ἐ[ς]τ̣[ιν τῶν μ]ελλόν|των for the Father is the source of all who are to come into being in contrast to the προπάτωρ, who is without a beginning Ox 1081, 38f (SJCh 91, 1 ἀρχή; on the context, s. WTill, TU 60/5, ’55 p. 57).

④ a point at which two surfaces or lines meet, corner (from the perspective of an observer the object appears to begin at that point), pl. corners of a sheet Ac 10:11; 11:5 (cp. Hdt. 4, 60; Diod S 1, 35, 10).

⑤ a basis for further understanding, beginning τὰ στοιχεῖα τῆς ἀ. elementary principles Hb 5:12 (perh. w. an element of gentle satire: ‘the discrete items or ABC’s that compose the very beginning [of divine instructions]’; cp. MKiley, SBLSP 25, ’86, 236–45, esp. 239f). ὁ τῆς ἀ. τοῦ Χ. λόγος elementary Christian teaching 6:1.

⑥ an authority figure who initiates activity or process, ruler, authority (Aeschyl., Thu. et al.; ins; pap, e.g. PHal 1, 226 μαρτυρείτω ἐπὶ τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ δικαστηρίῳ; Gen 40:13, 21; 41:13; 2 Macc 4:10, 50 al., s. Magie 26; so as a loanw. in rabb. ἀ. = νόμιμος ἐπιστασία Did., Gen. 60, 9) w. ἐξουσία Lk 20:20; pl. (Oenomaus in Eus., PE 6, 7, 26 ἀρχαὶ κ. ἐξουσίαι; 4 Macc 8:7; Jos., Ant. 4, 220) Lk 12:11; Tit 3:1; MPol 10:2 (αἱ ἀρχαί can also be the officials as persons, as those who took part in the funeral procession of Sulla: Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 106 §497.—The same mng. 2, 106 §442; 2, 118 §498 al. Likewise Diod S 34+35 Fgm. 2, 31).—Also of angelic or transcendent powers, since they were thought of as having a political organization (Damascius, Princ. 96 R.) Ro 8:38; 1 Cor 15:24; Eph 1:21; 3:10; 6:12; Col 1:16; 2:10, 15; AcPl Ha 1, 7. Cp. TestJob 49, 2; Just., D. 120, 6 end.

⑦ the sphere of one’s official activity, rule, office (Diod S 3, 53, 1; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 13 §57; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 177, Ant. 19, 273), or better domain, sphere of influence (Diod S 17, 24, 2; Appian, Syr. 23 §111; Arrian, Anab. 6, 29, 1; Polyaen. 8:55; Procop. Soph., Ep. 139) of angels Jd 6. Papias (4 v.l. for ἄρχω).—S. the lit. on ἄγγελος and HSchlier, Mächte u. Gewalten im NT: ThBl 9, 1930, 289–97.—144–50 (‘Archai’). EDNT. DELG s.v. ἄρχω D. M-M. TW. Sv.

   1) The Compulsion to Renewed Creativity in the Serious Musical Composer

   The serious composer who thinks about his art will sooner or later have occasion to ask himself: why is it so important to my own psyche that I compose music? What makes it seem so absolutely necessary, so that every other daily activity, by comparison, is of lesser significance? And why is the creative impulse never satisfied; why must one always begin anew? To the first question-the need to create-the answer is always the same-self-expression; the basic need to make evident one's deepest feelings about life. But why is the job never done? Why must one always begin again? The reason for the compulsion to renewed creativity, it seems to me, is that each added work brings with it an element of selfdiscovery. I must create in order to know myself, and since selfknowledge is a never-ending search, each new work is only a part-answer to the question "Who am I?" and brings with it the need to go on to other and different part-answers. (Copland, 1952, pp. 40-41)

   2) The Relation of Music to Conscious and Unconscious Thought

   When collaboration occurs, when, for a while, the lines of conscious and unconscious thought run along the same track, we achieve the feeling of wholeness and satisfaction which is characteristic of our response to great art and other transcendent states of mind. The patterns of music, translated, analyzed, shorn of detail, are able to stimulate the patterns of emotions on many levels simultaneously, thus bringing various hierarchical states of consciousness and unconsciousness into harmony with one another during the existence of the music for us, whether this is in a performance or purely in the memory. As this happens we experience the sense of unity which arises from the cessation of conflict between conscious and unconscious. (McLaughlin, 1970, pp. 104-105)